The Body of Evidence

How do I know if my baby is getting enough milk? What is proper latching technique? How do you treat painful nipples? Natalie Borden, an international board certified lactation consultant, joins Chris to debunk breastfeeding myths.



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Editor:    Robyn Flynn
Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl
Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos
Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer
 
Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.



References:
1) 2014 Cochrane review on Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506813/

Pink noise claims it can boost your memory, help your sleep, and treat your ADHD. But how it's studied in a sleep lab is very different from passive listening all night long. Chris and Sophie dive into the evidence to figure out if the influencers pushing pink noise for sleep got it right or if they're simply dreaming.
 
Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you!
http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/
https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE
 
Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.
 
Editor:    Robyn Flynn
Researcher: Danielle Kaprelian
Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl
Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos
Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer
 
Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.



References:
The different colours of noise from white to pink to brown: https://www.allure.com/story/what-is-brown-noise-pink-white-sound-therapy

The famous 2017 "memory enhancement" study: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00109/full

A lay summary of the above study: https://time.com/collections/guide-to-sleep/4694555/pink-noise-deep-sleep-improve-memory/

The study showing pink noise might make things worse: https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/49/5/zsag001/8452884

Dr. F. Perry Wilson's Medscape video series on pink noise: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/pink-noise-could-be-wrecking-your-sleep-2026a100039x

A 2022 systematic review on overall sleep quality: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34964434/

Memory claims and pink noise: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1302836/full

Examples of white and pink noise are found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pink_noise.ogg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White-noise-sound-20sec-mono-44100Hz.ogg

Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) is suddenly all the rage because several drug companies are working on medications to lower this previously resistant form of cholesterol. Almost entirely genetic, unaffected by diet or lifestyle, it has numerous studies linking it to heart disease and aortic valve calcification. But it may not be the ticking time bomb some influencers like to claim.
 
Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you!
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Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.
 
Editor:    Robyn Flynn
Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl
Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos
Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer
 
Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.



References:
The genetic nature of Lp(a) levels: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1386087/

Prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in 500,000 US patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27659098/

Prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in 2.9 million Chinese adults https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266173/

Prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in the INTERASPIRE study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40436467/

Variation of Lp(a) by sex: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27659098/

One of the many studies linking Lp(a) to cardiovascular disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33115266/

High Lp(a) and aortic stenosis: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1109034

FH and Lp(a) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466883/

The ongoing Lp(a) trials https://familyheart.org/lpa-clinical-trials

Meniscectomies were once a very common surgery for knee pain. Then the data happened. Teppo Järvinen from the Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics (FICEBO) joins Chris to talk about the recent 10-year data from the FIDELITY trial, showing that removing the meniscus in patients with knee pain did not improve symptoms and for a broader discussion about the role and importance of sham surgery and placebo controls in surgical research. He also shows Chris that orthopaedic surgeons are a surprisingly thoughtful and introspective group.
 
Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you!
http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/
https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE
 
Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.
 
Editor:    Robyn Flynn
Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl
Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos
Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer
 
Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.



References:
The FICEBO website: www.ficebo.com

The original FIDELITY trial showing meniscectomy had no benefit: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1305189

The recent 10-year follow-up data from FIDELITY: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2516079

The SIMPLICITY HTN-3 sham surgery trial on renal denervation: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402670

Max Planck's Principle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%27s_principle

Hyaluronic acid is the most versatile ingredient in the beauty industry and promises anti-aging wrinkle-free skin for everyone. Chris and Sophie dive in to find out how much of these claims are based in evidence and whether it does anything beyond moisturizing your skin.
 
Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you!
http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/
https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE
 
Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.
 
Co-host: Sophie Tseng Pellar
Editor:    Robyn Flynn
Producer: Danielle Kaprelian
 
Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl
Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos
Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer
 
Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.



References:
2022 systematic review of topical hyaluronic acid https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10078143/

A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of injectable hyaluronic acid https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39807700/

Meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials of oral supplements containing hyaluronic acid https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40911749/

Large systematic reviews of skin supplements https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9201759/

Single large randomized controlled trial of 129 subjects https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10661223/