Lotrisone is a topical cream that contains a combination of clotrimazole, an antifungal, and betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid.
It is used to treat fungal skin infections such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm that also involve inflammation or itching.
Clotrimazole works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, while betamethasone reduces redness, swelling, and itching.
Lotrisone should not be used on the face, groin, or underarms for extended periods due to the risk of skin thinning and other steroid-related side effects.
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13:43
Fluphenazine Pharmacology
Fluphenazine is a high-potency typical antipsychotic that primarily acts as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the mesolimbic pathway, reducing positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism, are common due to potent D2 blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), though rare, is a life-threatening adverse effect characterized by rigidity, hyperthermia, altered mental status, and autonomic instability.
CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine) can increase fluphenazine plasma concentrations, potentially raising the risk of toxicity and side effects.
Concomitant use of fluphenazine with CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines) can enhance sedation and respiratory depression.
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Quinapril Pharmacology
On this podcast episode, I discuss quinapril pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, and much more.
Quinapril is a prodrug that is converted in the liver to its active metabolite, quinaprilat, which inhibits ACE, leading to decreased formation of angiotensin II and reduced aldosterone secretion.
Hyperkalemia can occur with quinapril use due to decreased aldosterone, leading to potassium retention—especially in patients with renal impairment.
Concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements with quinapril increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect of quinapril and increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with preexisting renal dysfunction.
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Nifedipine Pharmacology
Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and reduced peripheral vascular resistance.
The extended-release formulation of nifedipine provides more stable plasma concentrations and is preferred for chronic management of hypertension and angina.
Common adverse effects include headache, flushing, peripheral edema, and dizziness, all related to its vasodilatory action.
Nifedipine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, primarily via CYP3A4 enzymes, which significantly influences its bioavailability and potential drug interactions.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice) can increase plasma levels of nifedipine, raising the risk of hypotension and adverse effects.
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Clotrimazole Pharmacology
On this podcast episode, I discuss Clotrimazole pharmacology, adverse effects, indications, administration, and much more.
Clotrimazole is an imidazole antifungal that exerts its pharmacological effect by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This inhibition compromises membrane integrity, leading to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately fungal cell death.
Clotrimazole is primarily used topically due to poor systemic absorption when administered via the skin or mucous membranes, which limits systemic side effects.
When clotrimazole is used intravaginally or orally in lozenge form, localized concentrations are sufficient to treat mucocutaneous infections without significant systemic exposure.
Pay attention when clotrimazole is used frequently to treat Candida infections as corticosteroids, immunosuppression, and antibiotics may increase the risk of this type of infection.
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